An incrementally deployable anti-spoofing mechanism for software-defined networks

Internet attacks often use IP spoofing to forge the source IP address of packets, and thereby hide the identity of the source. It causes many serious security problems such as the difficulty of packet authenticity and IP traceback. While many IP spoofing prevention techniques have been proposed apart from ingress filtering, none have achieved widespread real-world use. One main reason is the lack of properties favoring incremental deployment, an essential component for new technology adoption. An incrementally deployable protocol should have three properties: initial benefits for early adopters, incremental benefits for subsequent adopters, and effectiveness under partial deployment. Since no previous antispoofing solution satisfies all three properties, we propose an anti-spoofing mechanism called ‘‘BGPbased Anti-Spoofing Extension’’ (BASE). BASE is an anti-spoofing protocol designed to fulfill the incremental deployment properties. Furthermore, BASE is designed to work in the software-defined networks (SDN). It gives a motivation to network operators to adopt BASE into their network, since the idea of SDN supports the large scale network control with a simple operation. Based on simulations using a model of Internet connectivity, BASE shows desirable IP spoofing prevention capabilities under partial deployment. We find that just 30% deployment can drop about 97% of attack packets. It is shown that BASE not only provides benefits to early adopters, but also outperforms previous anti-spoofing mechanisms. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.